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Maintenance of junction road markings is typically the responsibility of the authority whose road connects with the trunk road. In most cases on the A9 this is the local authority. The exception is acceleration and decelerations lanes, which Transport Scotland maintains. Notwithstanding this, since January 2023, Transport Scotland has collaborated with local authorities to improve junction markings on the A9.

Recent road marking improvements have included:

• A9 Killiecrankie to Faskally Duals,
• A9/B9006 Culloden Road – Inverness,
• A9 Killiecrankie to Drumochter,
• A9 Drumochter to Crubenmore,
• A9 Luncarty Junction Slips.

Bollards are included in an annual cyclic maintenance programme. Our records show maintenance was undertaken between May and September 2023. More recently maintenance commenced in April 2024 with more planned in the coming months.

The Scotland-wide free bus travel schemes aim to make sustainable travel more available, affordable and accessible to those aged 60 and above, aged under 22 and eligible disabled people.

As set out in our report on proposals and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions following annual target for 2019 not being met ( www.gov.scot ) , published in 2021, the Scottish Government committed to building upon our commitment in the updated Climate Change Plan to extend National Concessionary Travel Schemes to include under 22s as part of our additional policies and proposals to deliver the amount of emissions reduction required. However, it does not apportion emissions reduction to any single additional policy.

Nestrans and its partners Aberdeen City Council, Aberdeenshire Council and the North East Bus Alliance, are working to develop the business case for Aberdeen Rapid Transit (ART). Building on work undertaken to support the Regional Transport Strategy and the second Strategic Transport Projects Review, Nestrans is drafting the business case which includes detailed planning to understand how ART could be implemented. This includes work on transport corridors identified as being potential routes for ART to identify opportunities for transport improvements, including bus priority.

Scottish Government funding for active travel projects is not allocated based on STPR2 recommendation delivered. We fund a range of projects throughout Scotland that deliver on recommendation 4 of the second Strategic Transport Projects Review (STPR2) to connect towns by active travel. This includes funding for the National Cycle Network programme, investment in active travel infrastructure on the trunk road network, and funding provided to local authorities via the Sustrans Places for Everyone programme and the new Active Travel Infrastructure fund, and directly through the Cycling Walking Safer Routes (CWSR) grant.

As outlined in the draft route map to achieving a 20% reduction in car kilometres by 2030, achieving this commitment relies on a package of over 30 interventions.

The route map does not apportion a specific reduction in car kilometres, nor in CO2-equivalent emissions, to any single intervention such as the extension of the concessionary travel scheme, which is one of a number of route map interventions which aim to encourage the use of public transport and reduce car use.

Depending on the facts and circumstances of the particular case, there are a range of offences that may be used to prosecute cases where someone publishes, sells or distributes sexually explicit images of a person without their consent.

In particular, the offence of disclosing or threatening to disclose an intimate photograph or film at section 2 of the Abusive Behaviour and Sexual Harm (Scotland) Act 2016 can be used to prosecute such behaviour where the disclosure, or threat to disclose the image, would be likely to cause a person featured in the image to suffer fear, alarm or distress, and the accused either intended to cause such an effect or else was reckless as to whether their behaviour would be likely to have such an effect on the victim.

The offence provides that a person is in an 'intimate situation' if the person is engaging or participating in or present during an act which a reasonable person would consider to be a sexual act which is not of a kind ordinarily done in public, or the person's genitals, buttocks or breasts are exposed or covered only in underwear. Specifically, the offence provides that a photograph or film includes any material originally captured by photography or by making a recording of a moving image, whether or not it has been altered in any way. As such, the offence applies in respect of images that have been digitally manipulated so as to appear to depict a person as being in an intimate situation even if the original photograph does not do so.

Other offences which may be relevant include the offence of threatening or abusive behaviour at section 38 of the Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010 and, where the images are published or shared via the internet, the offence of abuse of a public electronic communications network at section 127 of the Communications Act 2003.

As the legislation does not explicitly distinguish between manipulated and unmanipulated photographs or films, it is not possible to separately identify cases relating to the disclosure of so-called 'deepfake' images.

It is an independent operational matter for Police Scotland to enforce criminal law and it is an independent operational matter for Crown Office to make decisions in respect of prosecutions.

Legislation criminalising the disclosure of intimate images includes photographs or films that have been digitally enhanced or manipulated. As such, the law covers 'deepfake' images that have been digitally manipulated so as to appear to depict the person to be in an intimate situation. It is an operational matter for Police Scotland to enforce relevant laws.

The Scottish Government has provided funding of £138,527.50 to the South West Grid for Learning over two and a half years to support the delivery of practical support for people affected by intimate image abuse via the Revenge Porn Helpline. This includes support to remove images from online platforms and signposting for emotional support. The funded activity includes work to raise awareness and understanding of intimate image abuse and the support available through the helpline in Scotland.

The strategic case for investment in Recommendation 2 (see recommendation-2-active-freeways-and-cycle-parking-hubs.pdf (transport.gov.scot) has already been met through the STPR2 appraisal process.

Work is ongoing under this recommendation, but it remains the responsibility of local authorities to deliver active travel lanes on local authority owned roads.

As with any transport investment, schemes will follow the standard business case and design processes. After which, Local authorities can submit to the Active Travel Infrastructure Fund for delivery costs.

There are no plans for Transport Scotland to replace the Energy Savings Trust e-bike loan scheme. Through the Active Travel Transformation Project (ATTF), support for grass-roots community groups and charity-led projects is being decentralised, with acknowledgement from everyone involved in active travel that decisions about how to support grass roots behaviour change work needed to be taken closer to communities, and in a way that’s more joined up with local and regional transport strategies.

It is a matter for Local Authorities and Regional Transport Partnerships to make decisions on which projects are supported through their funding under the new active travel delivery model.

Disclosing or threatening to disclose sexually explicit 'deepfake' images, including by publishing them on the internet, is covered by the offence of 'disclosing or threatening to disclose an intimate image' at section 2 of the Abusive Behaviour and Sexual Harm (Scotland) Act 2016.

The Scottish Government is aware that the UK Government has announced that it will amend the Criminal Justice Bill to criminalise the making of sexually explicit 'deepfake' images without consent. We will carefully consider the amendment.