To ask the Scottish Executive what assessment has been made of the impact of the ban on smoking in public places on the (a) prevalence of smoking among and (b) health of (i) pregnant women and (ii) the total population and what assessment has been of similar experiences in other countries.
Although the smoke-free laws are undoubtedly the most important piece of public health legislation for a generation, they form part of a much wider tobacco control strategy, including programmes targeted specifically at reducing smoking among pregnant women, which is being pursued by the Scottish Government to drive down smoking prevalence across the population. For this reason, it is not possible to make a specific assessment of the unique contribution the smoking ban has had on smoking prevalence or to point to specific evidence showing that the smoking ban has accelerated the rate of decline.
Nevertheless, from the results available to date from the national evaluation of Scotland''s smoke-free legislation to assess its impact in the short and longer terms which is being conducted by the Clean-air Legislation Evaluation (CLEAN) Collaboration, Scotland is already beginning to reap the benefits of the smoking ban. For example, there is evidence of a 17% reduction in admissions for heart attacks among non-smokers to nine Scottish hospitals and of almost a 40% reduction in second hand smoke exposure in both non-smoking adults and children. Moreover, and importantly, there is evidence of a change in the cultural acceptability of smoking.
The Scottish Government wishes to capitalise on this shift in cultural attitudes to smoking, by stepping up action to stop people starting to smoke in the first place. In May 2008 we published a new smoking prevention action plan Scotland''s Future is Smoke-free which sets out an ambitious programme of measures designed specifically to dissuade children and young people from smoking.
As far as international experience is concerned, a US study found a 4% reduction in smoking prevalence after the introduction of the smoking ban in New York. However, the ban was accompanied by an increase in the cost of tobacco which is also a factor in smoking reduction, and it is impossible to disentangle the relative contribution of each policy to the decline in smoking prevalence witnessed in New York.