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We know that COVID-19 and our response to the pandemic is, in some aspects, disproportionately impacting on women. This is particularly so in relation to the labour market and the provision of unpaid care, with women disproportionately absorbing additional childcare as a result of school and nursery closures, impacting on their ability to undertake paid work. Women are also more likely to be in precarious work which is less resilient to economic disruption, more likely to be on zero hours contracts and in lower paid or part time work.

The Scottish Government recognises that implications for women's equality as a result of COVID-19 are potentially significant, though not immutable. Embedding a gendered analysis and equality considerations into our decisions and actions will be critical to ensure that we mitigate impacts on women, including in relation to longer-term economic recovery.

87 beavers were killed under licensed lethal control measures in 2019.

a) All the records of beaver control have a date.

b) The controller return data obtained does not currently allow a comprehensive answer to be provided on the size of family groups and the numbers of beavers killed in each group. Scottish Natural Heritage has cross-referenced the licence returns with the territories established in the 2017-18 survey. This indicates that lethal control or live-trapping has taken place within around 13% of territories. In addition , lethal control was carried out in two territories not previously recorded in this survey.

c) 56 of 87 records have a classification as adult, sub-adult or kit. The sex of the animal was not included on the template due to the difficulty of determining this in the field. The carcases of two beavers shot under licence have been provided by licence-holders and subjected to a post-mortem examination.

Scottish Natural Heritage has issued 42 licences authorising the killing of beavers under the Beaver Management Framework since 1 January 2019.

Details of beaver licences issued by Scottish Natural Heritage in 2019 are provided in the Scottish Natural Heritage Beaver Licensing Summary report which was published on 28 May 2020 and is available on their website at https://www.nature.scot/snh-beaver-licensing-summary-1st-may-31st-december-2019 .

15 beavers were trapped and translocated under licence (between 1st May and 31st December 2019). Scottish Natural Heritage plans to work with licence holders to see what more can be done to make this option practicable as an alternative to lethal control.

Further details of the beaver translocations carried out in 2019 are provided in the Scottish Natural Heritage Beaver Licensing Summary report which was published on 28 May 2020 and is available on their website at https://www.nature.scot/snh-beaver-licensing-summary-1st-may-31st-december-2019 .

Scottish Natural Heritage is not aware of any beavers that have been killed without a licence.

Police Scotland investigations are ongoing to ascertain if there have been breaches of the conditions of two licences that permit lethal control.

The Beaver Management Framework is intended to be adaptive and will be subject to ongoing review with input from the Scottish Beaver Forum.

a) We expect the forum to hold further discussion of the licensing figures and to consider how the Forum membership can collectively seek to balance the needs of land managers and reduce the ongoing need for lethal control.

b) (i) Scottish Natural Heritage intends to consider opportunities for conservation translocations of beavers within existing catchments from high to low conflict areas to improve the resilience of existing populations.

(ii) In conjunction with the Scottish Government, Scottish Natural Heritage will also consider other alternative measures as part of a wider beaver national strategy.

Scottish Natural Heritage issued 21 beaver lethal control licences in 2019 without a visit being undertaken by them or their agents.

The licensing process requires that the licensing tests are examined in each case;

i. That action is necessary to prevent serious damage to agriculture

ii. That there is no other satisfactory solution

iii. That licensed actions will not be detrimental to the conservation status of beavers

Scottish Natural Heritage uses a combination of information and photographic evidence provided by the land managers, details of site topography and the knowledge of issues on neighbouring properties which has been built up over time by staff and contractors, combined with the use of site visits where appropriate to inform the assessment of these criteria.

Scottish Natural Heritage licences which permit the use of lethal control specify as a condition that ‘Lethal control or removal of mature dams (over 2 weeks old) during the Kit Dependency Period (1 April to 16 August) must only be carried out in exceptional circumstances i.e where there is an imminent threat of serious damage or to public health or to a public interest’.

The Scottish Natural Heritage licensing team must also be notified within 7 days of the action being undertaken.

Scottish Natural Heritage has not carried out spot checks on beaver licence compliance, but continues to work with those in receipt of licences. Compliance checks are made as part of checking licence returns.

Those carrying out lethal control are required to be accredited to ensure best practice is followed and that accredited controllers are familiar with beaver ecology. Scottish Natural Heritage ran a series of training events to ensure that practitioners have the correct skills and knowledge to undertake any lethal control humanely.

Together with Scottish Natural Heritage, the Scottish Government will consider opportunities for conservation translocations of beavers from high to low conflict areas within existing catchments to improve the resilience of existing populations. We will also consider alternative measures as part of a wider beaver national strategy.