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As is referenced in the answer to S6W-36157 on 2 May 2025, instruction and direction may be issued in relation to specific matters in the context of ongoing liaison between the police and Procurators Fiscal who can instruct the police during the course of investigations and when further investigation is required in a case. Instruction of the police is a continuous process in the discharge of the Lord Advocate’s duties as regards the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences in Scotland.

All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament’s website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers

I would refer to the answer provided in respect of S6W-36157 on 2 May 2025 as regards my role as head of the system of prosecutions in Scotland and direction of the police.

All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament’s website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers

The Scottish Government is committed to an evidence-based approach to the energy transition. In support of our draft Energy Strategy and Just Transition Plan, we commissioned and published (in March 2023) a programme of independent analysis on Scotland’s energy requirements during the transition to net zero – including the role of North Sea oil and gas. This analysis includes sections on the economic footprint of Scotland’s offshore oil and gas sector, including its regional distribution. The published reports can be found here: Publication of the outputs from a programme of work to better understand our energy requirements as we transition to net zero - Energy system and Just Transition: independent analysis - gov.scot

The National Energy System Operator (NESO)’s Beyond 2030 report (published in March 2024, available here: Beyond 2030 | National Energy System Operator) itself states: “Independent analysis commissioned by us as the Electricity System Operator (ESO) suggests that by 2035, the recommendations in this report could add up to £15 billion to the UK economy and support an average of 20,000 jobs each year. A third of these benefits (£5.2 billion to 2035 and over 6,000 jobs per year) are likely to be in Scotland”

As head of the system of prosecutions in Scotland, I have primary responsibility for the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences in Scotland.

I have, along with Procurators Fiscal, who hold commissions on my behalf, legal authority to instruct the police in their investigation and reporting of crime and all suspicious, sudden and unexplained deaths, both under the common law and on a statutory basis.

Instruction and direction may be issued in relation to specific matters in the context of ongoing liaison between the police and Procurators Fiscal who can instruct the police during the course of investigations and when further investigation is required in a case. Instruction of the police is a continuous process in the discharge of the Lord Advocate’s duties as regards the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences in Scotland.

In general, if the police consider that there is insufficient evidence of a crime being committed, they will not make a report to the Procurator Fiscal. In some instances, particularly in more serious cases, where police are not sure there is sufficient evidence that a crime had been committed, they may report the matter to the Procurator Fiscal for advice and direction. This structure recognises the expertise of the police in investigating crime, the responsibility of prosecutors in respect of the investigation of crime, and the independence of prosecutorial decision-making.

Communication by the Police as regards conclusion of their investigations is a matter for them: an announcement by the Police confirming conclusion of their investigation does not preclude the Crown from raising proceedings in the future should subsequent investigation uncover evidence providing potential sufficiency in terms of criminality which is then reported to prosecutors for consideration. Neither do any such announcements have any bearing on future prosecutorial decision making– every case reported to prosecutors is carefully considered in terms of its own facts and circumstances and in line with the Prosecution Code and is made entirely independently of any other person.

The Scottish Government provided a response to the Commission regarding their recommendations and our proposed actions in October 2023. An update on those actions undertaken since then and still ongoing is provided for each recommendation.

Recommendation 1 The purpose of the SHORE standards should be to ensure that everyone has suitable accommodation to go to on the day that they are released from custody. The gap in these standards should be addressed by the Scottish Government in its review of these standards.

The SHORE standards were refreshed in November 2024 and now include an action plan which sets out areas of future strategic developments. A more thorough review of the SHORE standards, which may include the potential to develop further guidance relating to individuals who are released from remand or direct from court, as well as from police custody, is planned to be completed by the end of 2025.

Further to this, the Housing (Scotland) Bill was introduced to the Scottish Parliament in March 2024 and proposes new homelessness prevention duties, including new ‘ask and act’ duties for named relevant bodies. Relevant bodies which are listed in the Bill, include Scottish Ministers in as far as their functions extend to the Scottish Prison Service, and Police Scotland.

The prevention of homelessness duties are based on principles that prevention should be a shared public responsibility and that there should be earlier intervention across systems. By intervening at an earlier stage, and encouraging services to work together to respond to people’s needs, we can ensure fewer people and families are faced with having to rebuild lives affected by homelessness.

Recommendation 2 The Scottish Government and Community Justice Scotland should address the recognised gap for ‘Throughcare’ services for prisoners on remand.

A new national voluntary throughcare service, Upside, launched on 1 April 2025, replacing the throughcare services provided by Shine and New Routes Public Social Partnerships (PSPs). The PSP services provided support to women leaving short sentences and period of remand, and men leaving short sentences. Men on remand were not eligible for throughcare support under the PSP service. The new Upside service addresses this gap with support for women available now and support for men commencing in the summer.

In addition to this, Sections 25 to 27 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 already sets out a duty on local authorities (with the co-operation and assistance of Health Boards) to provide services for people who are not in hospital and who have or have had a mental disorder. These duties cover people who are in prison or recently released from prison although we acknowledge that there may be practical barriers to the use of these provisions for these people. The services include care and support as well as services which are designed to promote the well-being and social development of the people they are provided for.

The Scottish Mental Health Law Review has recommended that the existing duties on NHS Boards, Local Authorities, and integration authorities to secure care and support, including accommodation, for people with past or present experience of mental illness or intellectual disability be strengthened and broadened. We are addressing this through the Mental Health and Capacity Reform Programme.

Recommendation 3 The Scottish Government and Community Justice Scotland should consider innovative joint working/multiagency practices with NHS/social care/social work/Forensic Network to pilot a post-custody outreach service.

We recognise the importance of support for individuals on release from custody. While we are not currently pursuing a pilot on post-custody outreach, we are improving support for these individuals by introducing a new national voluntary throughcare service, Upside, which offers one-to-one support for men and women leaving short sentences and periods of remand. This service, which launched on 1 April 2025, will assist people with the immediate challenges they face post-custody, including accessing housing, healthcare and social security, while also linking them to the wider support services they may require, such as mental health or substance use services.

In addition to this, through the Getting It Right For Everyone (GIRFE) model, we are supporting Health Boards to provide a package of care and support in a joined-up, holistic manner across various services and agencies. This will also support people with their needs on release from prison.

Recommendation 4The Scottish Government’s national mental health workforce strategy should take full account of the individual impact of lack of continuity of care as highlighted in Mr TU’s case relating to recruitment and retention of consultant psychiatrists/senior medical staff in health boards.

As committed to within the Mental Health and Wellbeing Workforce Action Plan we are working closely with leaders in the Psychiatry profession to address the challenges they are currently facing and the Psychiatry Recruitment and Retention Working Group are currently working towards producing a series of recommendations which will be presented to Ministers in Spring 2025.

Whilst the working group has been ongoing, the Scottish Government has worked in partnership with the profession on a range of measures to support recruitment and retention in psychiatry. This has included funding and supporting recruitment stands at the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych) international congress events (2023 and 2024); working with NHS Education for Scotland (NES) colleagues on improvements to psychiatry webpages to increase engagement and on the promotion of vacancies; ensuring that the specific challenges facing psychiatry were considered by the Medical Locums Task and Finish Group and; supporting the Centre for Workforce Supply (CWS) in their direct work with NHS Health Boards to address challenges in filling vacancies and on the promotion of careers in Scotland.

We also continue to work with NES and the RCPsych to encourage medical students to consider a long-term career as a psychiatrist. This work includes the ‘Choose Psychiatry’ campaign, undergraduate taster sessions and improved psychiatric placements at Foundation level. Recruitment into Core Psychiatry has improved drastically in recent years, with the exception of one unfilled post in 2020, 100% of entry level posts have now been filled for the fourth consecutive year (up from 63% in 2018).

Recommendation 5 There should be additional investment in resources for outreach for complex co-occurring mental health/substance misuse issues particularly where this is associated with the risk of violence.

In line with the Mental Health and Wellbeing Strategy and the National Mission, work is underway to improve the integration between mental health and substance use recovery services, and to develop and deliver person-centred approaches. The National Mission is supported by an investment of £250 million over the life of this Parliament to improve accessibility and quality of treatment and support, including outreach support. This includes work with services to improve care for people with co-occurring mental health and substance use difficulties, working towards the full implementation of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) 9, and delivery of commitments made in response to the Rapid Review into Mental Health and Substance Use Services.

MAT Standard 9 states that All people with co-occurring drug use and mental health difficulties can receive mental health care at the point of MAT delivery. In the latest Benchmarking Report published in July 2024 for MAT standards 6–10, 91% were assessed as RAGB provisional green (evidence that implementation was beginning).

The National Mental Health and Substance Use Protocol was published in September 2024. The protocol outlines how mental health and substance use services can work better together to deliver a whole systems approach. Implementation of the protocol will ensure every area has access to a high-quality document on which to base their own protocol. By implementing the exemplar protocol, local areas will also be implementing MAT 9 (mental health support when accessing MAT).

Recommendation 6 The Scottish Government should work with services to implement the three day follow up post discharge standard to bring it in line with National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH) recommendations (72 hours).

Our work to embed NCISH recommendations across NHS boards focuses on translating evidence and experience into tangible learning and change. A staged, quality assured and data/experience driven approach to developing and testing improvement, will be key to supporting change and ensuring safety.

Over the last year, we have worked to raise awareness of NCISH recommendations and the NCISH safer services toolkit with mental health and mental health unscheduled care leads in NHS Boards. More specifically, we have supported focused improvement work to implement NCISH recommendations in a small number of NHS Board areas. This work included:

• Developing an implementation plan for agreed priority recommendations selected by participating NHS Boards (initially around risk management and carer involvement);
• Establishing connections with Healthcare Improvement Scotland and Scottish Patient Safety Programme;
• Establishing regular learning sessions with NHS Board areas to ensure momentum and provide peer support; and
• Sharing learning through NHS Mental Health Unscheduled Care and Mental Health Lead Network

Over the coming year we will be working to develop and implement a plan to produce a national improvement resource, focusing on risk management and family and carer involvement. We will also take every opportunity to raise awareness of the insights and learning from the NCISH resources, encouraging NHS boards to consider how they can use the recommendations to improve practice in a range of areas, including the 72 hour follow up.

The Scottish Government has not undertaken any specific assessment in regards to the impact of a lack of continuity in senior medical staffing on patient care. However, we regularly engage with Boards at official level to ensure they are providing a safe, high-quality service to patients.

In addition, we are progressing the actions within the Mental health and wellbeing: workforce action plan 2023-2025 which seeks to address key workforce challenges. This includes the Mental Health Nursing Review and Psychiatry Recruitment and Retention Working Group, which are due to report shortly. This work has been informed by views from each profession and people with lived and living experience.

The Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) Standards set out what people should expect from substance use services. MAT Standard 3 sets out that people at high risk of drug-related harm should be proactively identified and offered support, while MAT Standard 9 sets out that all people with co-occurring drug use and mental health issues should receive mental health care. Implementation of the MAT Standards is supported by multi-year funding of £10.3 million per year over the life of the Parliament. Implementation of the MAT Standards is assessed by Public Health Scotland (PHS) via annual Benchmarking Reports.

NHS Boards have duties under the Carers Act to involve unpaid carers in decision making and planning the return from hospital of the person they care for (or will care for). More specifically, the Core Mental Health Quality Standards state that a person’s support network should be involved in their care if they wish. Progress on implementing the standards is measured by Healthcare Improvement Scotland.

To support Boards in discharging these duties we have funded NHS Education for Scotland (NES) to develop three training modules for the health and social care workforce to help them identify, include and support unpaid carers including young carers. In 2025 and 2026 NES will promote and support the use of these training resources across the health and social care workforce. We are also funding NES to develop carer awareness training for staff in mental health services.

Extensive work is ongoing to improve coordination of public services as part of our commitment to public service reform. We will support all areas to follow the Getting It Right for Everyone model of person-centred services (GIRFE). This model brings the person, their families, carers and all service providers together to devise a package of care and support in a joined-up, holistic manner across various services and agencies to achieve the best outcomes for individuals. In December 2024 we published the GIRFE toolkit and Health Boards are now required to set out how they will embed the GIRFE principles and toolkit in NHS Annual Delivery Plans for the organisation and delivery of their services. In addition, we are establishing the new National Care Service Advisory Board to improve social care, social work and community health services.

More specifically to support individuals with complex co-occurring mental health and substance use issues we commissioned Healthcare Improvement Scotland (HIS) to create a gold-standard protocol that sets out how these services should work together, which has now been published. HIS are now working to support areas across the country to develop and implement their own protocols. We are also supporting Mental Health Officers (MHOs), who assess and support individuals with mental health conditions and are pivotal to integrated health and social care services. Actions underway include undertaking workforce planning initiatives to address shortfall in MHOs, developing a pilot exercise to reduce administrative burden, and developing a scheme to harness the potential of AI powered tools to support reporting and reduce associated workloads.

We recognise the importance of support for individuals on release from custody. While we are not currently pursuing a pilot on post-custody outreach, we are improving support for these individuals by introducing a new national voluntary throughcare service, Upside, which offers one-to-one support for men and women leaving short sentences and periods of remand. This service, which launched on
1 April 2025, will assist people with the immediate challenges they face post-custody, including accessing housing, healthcare and social security, while also linking them to the wider support services they may require, such as mental health or substance use services.

In addition to this, through the Getting It Right For Everyone (GIRFE) model, we are supporting Health Boards to provide a package of care and support in a joined-up, holistic manner across various services and agencies. This will also support people with their needs on release from prison.