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The Scottish Government does not hold or collate any information relating to the future decommissioning of onshore wind turbines.

In respect of offshore wind turbines, none are due to be decommissioned in the next five years.

Zero Waste Scotland published a report in April 2021 titled ‘ The future of onshore wind decommissioning in Scotland’ . The report provides projections for the number of onshore wind turbines in Scotland that will be decommissioned up to 2050.

Research published in 2020 (commissioned by Zero Waste Scotland in partnership with Transport Scotland and Scottish Enterprise) assessed the current and future use of batteries in Scotland across the entire length of the battery supply chain, from chemicals to end of life. This research is published and is available here: Battery use in Scotland now and in the future | Zero Waste Scotland. This research suggests that by 2030 there could be up to 16000 tonnes of vehicle batteries available in Scotland for second life purposes.

Due to the novelty of batteries being used in their second life the market opportunities and business models for their use or disposal are not currently certain. Current UK Extended Producer Responsibility legislation dictates that the battery manufacturer remains responsible for the collection, recycling and disposal of the battery, meaning that it will be at the manufacturer’s discretion whether they use a domestic reprocessing facility located in Scotland or the UK

Urban mining” is not a term that is in use by the Scottish Government, but we understand it to refer to the recovery of critical raw materials from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).

The WEEE Regulations 2013, which are the regulations underpinning WEEE recycling in the UK, do not require information on recovery of critical minerals to be reported and so the Scottish Government does not hold this information. Along with the other UK governments, we intend to consult later this year on a suite of reforms to the WEEE Regulations; we are considering as part of that measures to increase the recovery of critical raw materials.

National Investment Bank sets out in detail its approach to assessing its impact, and its impact to date, in its annual Impact Report. That sets out how the Bank works across its portfolio to assess emissions generated, to support emissions mitigation and to support circular economy initiatives where possible.

In particular, the member may wish to be aware that the Bank has committed to adopt the Task Force on Climate related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) recommendations as its climate risk and reporting framework. It has further committed that from financial year 2023/24 all investments will involve a commitment to develop a Carbon Management or Net Zero plan, thereby ensuring that all the Bank’s capital supports Scotland’s transition to net zero. The Bank is also working with current investees to support them in the development of such plans and strategies. The Bank then reports on emissions associated with its investment activity through its annual Impact report.

The Bank’s Impact Report 2023 is available at: https://www.thebank.scot/impact-report .

Nature Scot collect data for bird strikes at onshore wind farms via their online reporting tool. The reporting is voluntary, meaning it is likely they only receive reports on a proportion of strikes. Where possible the data is supplemented with information they receive from general correspondence.

Two offshore wind farm projects have commissioned studies to detect bird strikes. Kincardine offshore wind farm have eight cameras installed on each of their wind turbines. The first study from April 2020 to October 2021 detected one strike. The second study began in January 2022 and will complete in January 2024 and has so far detected two strikes.

Aberdeen offshore wind farm has a radar monitoring system deployed on one turbine. This monitored seabird flight activity during the breeding season and post-breeding season from April to October 2020 and 2021. No strikes were recorded during monitoring.

While the Scottish Government holds some information in relation to the decommissioning of wind turbines it does not hold or collate an overall dataset for onshore turbines. We are aware that one offshore turbine has been decommissioned at Robin Rigg wind farm.

It may be helpful to know, according to the UK Government’s Renewable Energy Planning Database (REPD) there are two Scottish onshore wind sites in the database recorded as decommissioned and no offshore wind sites. However, the caveat to this data is that the whole site needs to be decommissioned for the development status to change to ‘decommissioned’ in the database.

Since 2018, the Scottish Government, through Zero Waste Scotland, has supported 4 companies with an interest in battery reprocessing/recycling through the European Regional Development Fund at a total cost of around 67500. Through the Just Transition Fund, we have also invested £626,734 in Ripcell, based in Aberdeen, to deliver an innovative pilot scheme using their patented BiCircular process which uses waste to recycle EV batteries.

The second Strategic Transport Projects Review (STPR2) was published in December 2022 and will inform the Scottish Government’s transport investment programme over the next 20 years and help to deliver the National Transport Strategy. STPR2 recommends a potential Sound of Harris/ Sound of Barra fixed links as well as another between Mull and the Scottish mainland.

STPR2 included a considerable programme of engagement activities at a national and regional level with participation from local stakeholders, communities and businesses throughout the process. All of Scotland’s local authorities with island and remote communities were represented on at least one regional transport working group which helped to inform STPR2.

The STPR2 Delivery Plan is currently being progressed and will provide further insight on the programming and delivery of all 45 recommendations including the potential for the 3 fixed links. In the preparation of the Delivery Plan, Transport Scotland officials are currently considering how best to consult and engage with all stakeholders including islands, remote communities and other interested parties.

In Scotland 40.7% single-track railway kilometres are electrified.

The Scottish Government does not hold vehicle kilometres information centrally, however some 76% of passenger journeys are made by electric train.

The volume, route and traction type for rail freight varies considerably from year to year. It is estimated that in the financial year 2022 to 2023, 50% of rail freight moved in Scotland was electrically hauled.

A considerable constraint on increasing this proportion is the number of freight terminals and ports at the other end of rail freight journeys in England that remain unelectrified.

As part of its regular engagements with the Scottish and global battery supply chain, Scottish Enterprise have held meetings with AMTE which Scottish Government officials have joined. The relevant information will be placed in SPICe bib number 64366.