Seòmar agus comataidhean

To support the expansion of funded early learning and childcare (ELC) to 1140 hours per eligible child, the Scottish Government provided £476 million of capital funding to local authorities between 2017-18 and 2020-21. Supplemented by local authorities’ own funding, the 1140 expansion infrastructure programme includes 583 refurbishment projects, 124 extension projects and 157 new build projects. Over the course of the 1140 expansion infrastructure programme, no local authority has reported to the Scottish Government that its ELC estate is not fit for purpose. Statutory requirements for the fitness of premises to be used for the provision of ELC are set out in Section 10 of The Social Care and Social Work Improvement Scotland (Requirements for Care Services) Regulations 2011.

The Scottish Government is grateful for the latest advice from the Climate Change Committee on Scotland’s Carbon Budgets.

We will carefully consider the Committee’s advice before bringing forward regulations to set carbon budget levels for Scotland. This will include consideration of the target setting criteria set out under the act, and an assessment of whether the pace of decarbonisation is appropriate for people, sectors and businesses across Scotland. Any carbon budgets proposed via secondary legislation must provide an achievable pathway to net zero in 2045.

Work is ongoing on the development of the next Climate Change Plan which will cover the period 2026-2040. Parliament will be updated once the new timetable for the next Climate Change Plan is finalised. The forthcoming Climate Change Plan will outline policies and proposals which will set out in further detail how we intend to deliver action to tackling climate change across all key areas of the economy, including land use. It will, of course, be subject to all necessary impact assessments to ensure rural and island interests are fully considered.

The Scottish Government is fully committed to continuing to support our agricultural industry with both the core role of sustainable food production and in terms of integrated land use, we are also in the process of developing our Land Use and Agriculture Just Transition Plan. This plan will focus on the wider livelihoods, skills, health, and wellbeing of those who live in and rely on Scotland’s land and agricultural sector for their livelihoods and wellbeing, as well as focusing on supporting thriving rural and island communities.

Scotland has a strong record in attracting foreign direct investment and our Inward Investment Plan (IIP) plays a central role in supporting this by targeting key sectors including HealthTech, energy transition and advanced manufacturing.

Scotland’s IIP outlines a plan for Scotland to be a leading destination for inward investment aligned with Scotland’s values of fair work, net zero and inclusive prosperity. It takes an evidence-led approach to identifying Scotland’s strengths, aligning these with current and projected global investment flows, and set out a series of actions to attract high quality inward investment to Scotland.

The Scottish Government and Enterprise Agencies work closely with both domestic and international businesses to secure and grow their operations in Scotland, ensuring long-term economic benefit and job creation.

ZeroAvia’s recent investment at Glasgow Airport, is one example of how our approach to inward investment, aligned with our values and net zero goals, is delivering real results, and creating high-value jobs. Scotland remains the top UK location for inward investment outside of London for the ninth year running, securing a record 142 projects in 2023 – a testament to the strength of our strong investment approach.

Scottish Government does not hold this information.

The Scottish Government has committed to co-design the development of future support structures and delivery with rural partners. It is right that we take the time necessary to develop the detail of our policies with the people directly affected by them, which is important if we are to deliver on our commitment to a just transition for our farmers and crofters.

This work is being undertaken within the Agricultural Reform Programme and activity includes stakeholder, customer and public communications and engagement, interviews, surveys, workshops, user testing and trials.

The Agricultural Reform Route Map publicly outlines the phased transition from legacy Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) support into the new four-tier framework. It currently sets out the detailed changes for 2025 alongside initial information on the proposed changes for 2026. The Scottish Government has committed to keep the Route Map updated, as additional detail becomes available.

In 2024 our Agricultural Reform Programme Road Show visited 26 events across the country, to talk directly to farmers and crofters about the changes and we will continue to attend shows and markets in 2025. On 2 June 2025, we wrote to everyone that had submitted a Single Application Form this year, to let them know about changes to agricultural support that are coming in 2026. The Scottish Government also funds the Farm Advisory Service, which has also promoted the changes to farmers and crofters, including through in person and online events, podcasts and videos.

As part of our over-arching Just Transition approach, key sectors are taking steps to support our rural and island communities as we work to reduce our carbon emissions, in particular providing equitable access to funding, ensuring anyone who meets the eligibility criteria can access the financial support they need. Examples include:

• The Small Producers Pilot Fund, where we are helping producers regardless of location to access vital services such as private kill facilities at abattoirs. This approach is part of our broader commitment to empowering small producers to contribute meaningfully to the Vision for Agriculture, ensuring that support is inclusive and regionally balanced.
• The Forestry Grant Scheme, available across Scotland, with over half of the applications being for small woodlands, many from farmers and crofters. A small woods loans scheme is available to help those developing small scale applications access grants, and the level of support for smaller woodland projects has been increased to help counter inflationary pressures. There are also targeted grants with enhanced rates to support crofters for native woodland creation in the crofting counties, including the Western and Northern Isles.
• Peatland ACTION funding, which primarily supports on-the-ground peatland restoration activities and is open for applications from eligible land managers who have peatlands that would benefit from restoration. There are no geographical restrictions or target areas for Peatland ACTION funding.
• The Scottish Government's Nature Restoration Fund, which supports projects that are planning and delivering on the ground activity to protect and restore Scotland's biodiversity while helping us build resilience to climate change. There are no geographical restrictions for the Nature Restoration Fund.
• The FIRNS grant scheme, to support projects that shape and grow the use of private investment and market-based mechanisms to finance the restoration of Scotland’s nature.

The average time taken to determine planning applications not subject to processing agreements for the first two quarters of 2024-25 in Scotland was as follows:

• for local developments: 11.1 weeks in Q1 and 11.9 weeks in Q2; and

• for major developments: 35.5 weeks in Q1 and 35.2 weeks in Q2.

Statistics for the average length of time to determine planning applications subject to processing agreements are not held centrally. For those applications, statistics are published on the number and percentage of decisions meeting the timescales agreed through processing agreements.

The average time taken to determine planning applications for Q1 and Q2 of
2024-25 for each local authority can be found at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/planning-application-statistics-2024-25-april-2024-september-2024/.

The planning application statistics for Q3 and Q4 of 2024-25 and the annual statistics are not yet published. These will be available on the Scottish Government website at: https://www.gov.scot/collections/planning-statistics/.

The Scottish Government is committed to making Scotland a competitive destination for business and talent. While key tax powers such as Corporation Tax remain reserved to the UK Government, we use our limited devolved powers to deliver a fair, progressive tax system that raises significant revenue. Tax and economic policy decisions made by the UK Government have a direct impact on Scottish finances and the delivery of our priorities, including economic growth.

Since the introduction of Scottish Income Tax more taxpayers have come to Scotland than have left. In 2021-22, the latest year of data, net migration of taxpayers was positive across all tax bands and almost all age groups. We closely monitor the impacts of our policy decisions on taxpayers, businesses, and the economy using a range of evidence such as real time economic data, formal evaluations and engagement with stakeholders, including the business community. We are also committed to directly supporting businesses including maintaining the Small Business Bonus Scheme at the rates and thresholds introduced in 2023-24. This scheme remains the remains the most generous scheme of its kind in the UK.

The Climate Change Committee’s projection of a 36% reduction in cattle and sheep numbers by 2045 is based on UK-wide dietary modelling and does not reflect Scotland-specific market dynamics. The Scottish Government has no policy to reduce livestock numbers and is committed to supporting the sector to improve productivity, resilience and emissions intensity.

Alongside exploring options such as improved breeding and methane-reducing feed products, the Scottish Government is supporting rural communities to integrate new income streams alongside existing farming enterprises, including through tree planting and bioenergy crops.

We are also investing £40 million annually through the Scottish Suckler Beef Support Scheme to help improve beef herd efficiency, implementing calving interval conditionality. This support enables farmers to reduce emissions intensity while maintaining production – ensuring that high-quality Scottish beef continues to be produced sustainably..

The Scottish Government does not hold information on the number of staff currently employed in local authority planning services.

However, each planning authority in Scotland has recently participated in the new National Planning Improvement Framework (NPIF), which is being led by the National Planning Improvement Champion. The performance assessments for 22 authorities are available at: https://www.improvementservice.org.uk/products-and-services/planning-and-place-based-approaches/national-planning-improvement/national-planning-improvement-framework/improvement-action-plans-and-performance-assessments. The reports include information on the number of staff in individual authorities.

The Scottish Government recognises the financial and capacity pressures on the planning system and is taking forward a package of changes to provide authorities with additional resources. Planning fees were increased in line with inflation last December, and further changes are due to come into force this month. Through the National Planning Skills Commitment Plan, we are coordinating skills development across the planning sector in Scotland.

In addition, Scotland’s National Planning Hub is providing additional surge capacity and resource to help authorities to respond to current challenges, and to enable them to accelerate their activities this financial year.

We are also supporting an increase in planners coming into the profession, particularly through direct recruitment and training in our Future Planners programme, and a trebling of the planning bursaries we are offering this year.