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I accept the point about wildfires and flooding. Climate change is certainly with us. The other aspect that I have in my portfolio is resilience. There were 16 storms last winter; I hope that we will not have 16 storms this winter, but we shall wait and see.

It is a matter of public record that, at the start of this calendar year, Police Scotland paused recruitment to bring itself within budget after significantly overspending in the first quarter of the previous financial year. That is why the chief constable, to her credit, has had such a focus on taking a balanced approach throughout this financial year. I was just making the broad point that, if the biggest lever is staff, that can be the lever that justice organisations will utilise.

I am conscious that we have more firefighters per head of population than other parts of the UK, but that just reflects the rural nature of some of our country. Although the public sector workforce has increased since the pandemic, that has not been the case in the justice system. I certainly make that point in my negotiations, where I want to focus on the front line, support for police numbers and the number of firefighters.

I understand the position that the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is facing. I am also very mindful of the extensive parliamentary interest in capital investment for the SFRS. Mr Macpherson correctly narrates that the capital budget for the service was increased by £10 million to £43 million. Apart from the Scottish Prison Service, it had the highest capital increase among the main justice agencies.

The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is facing a range of significant issues in and around its capital estate—I do not demur from that view. It has commenced work on a programme to address the need for separate areas in order to avoid contamination; I also know that it has ambitions for a hub approach and, indeed, I have visited fire stations, particularly in rural areas, where there is co-location.

Right now, we are wrestling with the fact that there are significant asks for capital right across the justice sector, and I will have to endeavour to negotiate the best possible capital deal that I can and be as fair as possible to all our partners. There is a particular issue with the cost of construction materials, as a result of which capital investment will not go as far as it has in the past. For example, the cost of pre-cast concrete has gone up by 62 per cent. Those are the sorts of things that you find out, Mr Macpherson, when you are in the depths of capital budgets.

I do not demur from the fact that, although we have seen welcome movement, capital remains challenging in essence, because of some of the difficulties with the construction industry and inflation.

I do not think that I am giving away any state secrets when I say that the Scottish Government has long called for reform of borrowing limits on its overall budget.

It would make a huge difference.

Thank you very much, convener, and good morning to colleagues. I appreciate the invitation to contribute to the committee’s pre-budget scrutiny.

Before looking forward to 2025-26, let me reflect on the current financial year. In recognition of the fundamental importance of the justice system in supporting safe, thriving and inclusive communities, we are investing almost £3.8 billion this year right across the justice portfolio. That investment is supporting vital front-line services, providing support for victims and witnesses and tackling the underlying drivers of offending.

Nevertheless, we are still feeling the effects of a period of high inflation. Driven by several external factors, that inflation has been particularly acute in relation to our capital budget and, although it has reduced, the budget pressures have remained. The United Kingdom budget is a step in the right direction but we still face significant cost pressures, including through the uncertainty that surrounds the impact of the national insurance hike on public services and the third sector, which means that difficult decisions will still be required. I remain committed to securing the best possible settlement for the justice portfolio and will align our plans with the available resources.

We are starting from a strong position. Crime is at one of the lowest levels of the past 40 years; the reconviction rate is at its lowest rate since records began; dwelling fires have been consistently reducing over the past 10 years; and significant progress has been made in tackling the courts’ backlog. We have also continued to support victims organisations as part of our commitment to put victims at the heart of our justice system.

Members are aware of the challenges around the rise in the prison population. I will continue to progress a range of actions to support a sustainable reduction in that population and, as you know, I am introducing an emergency bill that will change the release process for prisoners.

During the next financial year, I will continue to focus on delivering the priorities set out in “The Vision for Justice in Scotland” and in the programme for government so that we can deliver better outcomes for the people of Scotland. That work will include: investing in our public services; prioritising the front line to keep our people safe; supporting our justice agencies to reduce court backlogs; continuing investment in the prison estate and the work towards replacing prisons in Inverness and Glasgow; and progressing delivery of the national community justice strategy.

I will also continue driving forward a range of initiatives on crime prevention and reducing reoffending, which are key to reducing demand across the justice system. I will continue working with our justice organisations and with my cabinet colleagues to ensure that we make the best use of resources to maximise the benefits to individuals and communities, while also supporting on-going reforms and transformation to deliver a more effective and efficient justice system.

I am happy, as always, to answer any questions.

As other partners have done, the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service has illustrated what, in its opinion, a flat-cash settlement would mean for it. In the event of such a settlement—we are talking about an “if”—we would, as you would expect, discuss and test the SCTS’s assumptions. I do not want to give the impression that I am disbelieving of the consequences of a flat-cash settlement, because it is clear that that would have consequences; I am simply pointing out that we are having on-going discussions to understand more about people’s positions in the event that that happened.

More importantly, all our endeavours with the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service have been to address the backlog. That has been the number 1 focus, and it remains a priority. Progress has been made on that backlog; it is down from its peak by 46 per cent.

In addition, in all fairness, I must acknowledge that the level of demand that is experienced by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service will not return to pre-pandemic levels in the future. We are working hard to reduce the backlogs, but we also recognise that there is a new level of demand on the service. I think that we are all at one on that.

What I am clearly saying is that I am not the minister who negotiates the Crown Office budget. I think that I have narrated that correctly. The Crown Office would inform the law officers.

Police officers work hard and their pay and terms and conditions should reflect their exceptional endeavours and the public service that they give day in and day out. The offer of 4.75 per cent recognises their contribution and is fair and affordable. It is above inflation and is in line with the UK Police Remuneration Review Body’s recommendation, which we take into consideration. We do not have to do that. We just look at it for benchmarking purposes.

Most people would expect that change to have an impact, but there is no modelling as yet that suggests what scale the impact would be, either for the number of cases or the financial impact.

Good morning, convener. As the committee knows, the Coronavirus (Recovery and Reform) (Scotland) Act 2022 includes a range of temporary justice measures, which were introduced to make sure that our justice system had the necessary flexibility to respond to the impact of the pandemic.

Since then, justice agencies have made significant progress towards recovery, and the need for some of the temporary measures has disappeared or reduced. Last year, the Scottish Government made regulations that expired several measures. Our continuing determination to reduce the number of temporary measures is shown by the expiry regulations that the committee is considering today, which expire two further measures because those are deemed no longer necessary or proportionate—including one of the extended time limits that were put in place at the start of the pandemic.

The proposed extension regulations would extend the remaining temporary measures so that those stay in force until the end of 30 November 2025. My decisions on which measures to extend are based on consultation with justice agencies, the legal profession, the judiciary, local government, and victim support organisations and other third sector bodies. The statement of reasons, which I laid alongside the regulations, sets out in some detail the findings of that consultation and review. For now, I will outline briefly why we need to retain the provisions.

We continue to see the impact of the pandemic on criminal court backlogs. Considerable progress is being made on reducing those backlogs. The total number of outstanding scheduled trials fell by more than 40 per cent between January 2022 and August 2024. However, modelling by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service predicts that backlogs of solemn trials will persist above the target baseline until 2026-27.

The measures in the extension regulations will continue to help in the effective use of court resources. For example, the availability of higher maximum fines will mean that more summary cases can be diverted from prosecution, which will reduce the number of cases that need to go to court.

The two extended time limits—which, under the extension regulations, would continue for one final year before reverting to their pre-pandemic level—will increase the courts’ capacity to hear trials rather than spend time on procedural matters. That will help the throughput of cases and protect victims’ access to justice.

I am committed to the reversion of the time limits next year; indeed, there is no ability under the 2022 act to extend them any further, and ministers have no intention of legislating to make them permanent, so they will end no later than 30 November 2025. However, justice agencies are clear that the extended time limits will continue to play an important role in helping the courts to manage the current solemn case load. The data that I offered shows the progress that has been made so far, but we should allow the justice agencies to continue their work to reduce the backlog. Their view is that, without the provisions, the timescale for reducing the solemn case backlog would be extended, and that there would be a risk that some cases would not proceed at all.

I am sure that none of us wants to jeopardise the courts’ capacity to focus on the throughput of trials. It is plain to me that the two remaining extended time limits must be continued for one final year, after which they will expire.

The other measures in the extension regulations include the conduct of business by electronic means, attendance at court by electronic means, and a national jurisdiction for callings from custody. Although the pandemic was a catalyst for introducing those measures, they have shown their value in modernising our justice processes and making those more efficient. They deliver better outcomes and experiences for people who use Scotland’s justice services. It is right that we look to extend the use of those valuable measures, which will promote the on-going recovery of the justice system and ensure the continuation of modernised practices that were much needed and welcomed.

Permanent reform will require primary legislation. Last month, we introduced the Criminal Justice Modernisation and Abusive Domestic Behaviour Reviews (Scotland) Bill, which proposes making permanent those measures that have a proven broader and longer-term benefit. To be clear, convener, that bill does not make any provision to continue extended time limits. As I said, those cannot be retained beyond the end of November 2025.

It is clear that, collectively and as a package of temporary measures, the extension regulations are vital in supporting our justice system’s continued recovery and resilience in the coming year.