Seòmar agus comataidhean

You have identified three very important areas—food, energy and housing—and that is exactly the kind of mainstreaming that we are considering. Reform of the agriculture subsidies is to do with environmental matters as well as food security. The different interests are not necessarily competing—agriculture is part of the solution to the climate crisis, and regenerative farming and crofting have an important role to play in how we do this while ensuring that the sector thrives. Those matters are dealt with under land reform and agricultural reform.

Energy and housing will come under the national planning framework, which contains clear guidance on having biodiversity built in as well as specific guidance on national development and the development guidance that I have just outlined. I think that we are well covered for biodiversity in those areas.

The phrase “zonal approach” has not come across my desk. However, ensuring that local communities are involved is important. With any investment in natural capital, we have to empower local communities. We cannot have a just transition through imposing things on communities; it needs to come from them. The convener is right in saying that we need to consider who is benefiting from land and how we invest in it. I am happy to take that away and consider it.

You are right to recognise the work of volunteers in protecting and restoring nature. Indeed, Matthew Bird and I went to the launch of the UK’s plant atlas, after an estimated 8,500 volunteers went around the UK, over a 20-year period, counting every flowering plant. It is an incredible achievement, and that is exactly the kind of data that we need in order to understand the challenges that native species—such as those at Langlands Moss—face and how at risk they are. Unfortunately, the plant atlas shows that our native species numbers have declined significantly, but introduced species numbers have increased significantly. You are absolutely right that the challenge is enormous, and protected areas make such a difference.

As I outlined to Jackie Dunbar, one of the streams in the biodiversity strategy, under actions, is to

“recover and protect vulnerable and important species.”

That is exactly the focus that we need. We need to manage existing and emerging pressures so that species can continue their recovery, and we should reintroduce species when that is needed.

Lisa McCann or Matthew Bird might have some specific information on newts.

It is part of the cross-Government work that we do. Addressing consumption, which relates to the other part of my portfolio, will be covered largely through the circular economy bill and the route map for waste in Scotland. It is about bending that route around. However, that does not mean that the issue of consumption does not relate to biodiversity. These things are always artificially put into categories, but the member is quite right to point out that our work on the circular economy will be important in relation to biodiversity, too. I am absolutely confident that we will reference consumption in the strategy, because it is an important part of how we deal with the issue.

Absolutely. The Scottish Government has already committed to maintaining broad alignment with EU environmental standards, and we have been monitoring with interest the development of the EU’s ambitious nature restoration law. In fact, our strategy sets out the metrics that we would use to measure against the targets that the EU has set out.

At the moment, the EU law and the targets are proposals, and they are subject to negotiation between member states and amendment by the European Parliament. Our approach is not to wait for them but to develop our own targets and delivery proposals; however, we will take account of what is going on in Europe as those developments emerge.

I am very happy to take that under consideration. I can write to the member on that point.

The member is referring to the NatureScot agreement with Hampden & Co. As he suggests, that is an investment model that is based on a bridging loan from Hampden & Co to a private land owner to support that private land owner in creating woodland. The loan bridges the gap between the initial investment and the flow of carbon revenue. That is a way of helping private land owners do that woodland generation.

As the member will know—or she might not have been present for the committee’s evidence session—

We are looking at a variety of measures to support small producers. As I outlined in my answer to the convener, although hundreds of producers are signed up, there are some who have not yet signed up. We are digging into the detail of what the challenges are there. In response to conversation with those producers, Circularity Scotland has already put in place considerable cash flow measures—£22 million-worth of measures have been put in to reduce up-front costs and help with cash flow, because that was identified as a barrier.

Another identified barrier for small producers was labelling. Getting their bottles redesigned with a different barcode requires minimum order quantities and it takes a long time. To remove that barrier, Circularity Scotland will be issuing sticky labels to producers. When they have fewer than 25,000 of any particular product, they can get those labels from Circularity Scotland. They will kind of already be pre-registered, because the labels will have been issued to them.

Those are two—

[Inaudible.] A return point must be registered in order for it to be a return point; anyone who sells these materials has an obligation to register. That is so they can enter exactly the detail that Mr Kerr was pointing out in terms of how much storage they have and the volume of returns that they expect to receive so that the logistics can be organised. If a business wishes to be exempt, it needs to apply for an exemption. Zero Waste Scotland is managing the exemption process.